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+# Configuration Best Practices
+
+## Read Environment Variables in Configuration Files
+
+Call `env()` only from configuration files. After configuration is cached, Laravel does not load the application's `.env` file, so application code should read configuration values through `config()`.
+
+Incorrect:
+
+```php
+$key = env('API_KEY');
+```
+
+Correct:
+
+```php
+// config/services.php
+return [
+    'key' => env('API_KEY'),
+];
+
+// Application code
+$key = config('services.key');
+```
+
+## Protect Production Secrets
+
+Do not commit plaintext production secrets. Laravel can encrypt an environment file so its encrypted form can be stored safely, while deployment platforms can supply secrets through their native secret stores.
+
+Incorrect:
+
+```bash
+# A plaintext .env file committed to the repository
+STRIPE_SECRET=sk_live_abc123
+AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI
+```
+
+Encrypted environment file:
+
+```bash
+php artisan env:encrypt --env=production --readable
+php artisan env:decrypt --env=production
+```
+
+For hosted deployments, consider the platform's native secret store, such as AWS Secrets Manager or Vault, and inject secrets at runtime.
+
+## Use `App::environment()` for Environment Checks
+
+Incorrect:
+
+```php
+if (env('APP_ENV') === 'production') {
+    // ...
+}
+```
+
+Correct:
+
+```php
+if (app()->isProduction()) {
+    // ...
+}
+
+if (App::environment('production')) {
+    // ...
+}
+```
+
+## Name Repeated Domain Values
+
+Use an enum or class constant when a domain value is repeated or represents a constrained set. A one-off string literal does not always need a named constant.
+
+```php
+// Repeated literal
+return $this->type === 'normal';
+
+// Named domain value
+return $this->type === self::TYPE_NORMAL;
+```
+
+If the application supports localization, put user-facing strings in language files and retrieve them with `__()`. Simple literals are reasonable for applications that intentionally do not support multiple languages.
+
+```php
+// In a localized application
+return back()->with('message', __('app.article_added'));
+```